STRATEGY OF STRUCTURE
TOEFL
First of all consider
the sentence in question in terms of . Remember, purpose of the questions was
to determine the structure or determine what the most appropriate response for
the complete lack of matter . Therefore, by observing carefully will know the
short comings and what is needed to complete it . Here you need to identify the
components of the sentence . That is , which is the subject (noun ) , predicate
(verb ) , object (noun ) , adverbs , and etc.
Consider
each answer is available , choose the most appropriate to complete the sentence
in question.You have to pay attention to each answer in the answer choices ( A
) , ( B ) , ( C ) , and ( D ) . By looking carefully you will soon find out
which one is the right choice to fill the gap in the sentence in question . Of
course you need to equip themselves with adequate grammar abilities . So it is
advisable to study grammar books
Never eliminate an
answer choice just look at the answer without seeing the phrase about In
general , each answer choice is true when it stands alone . An answer choice is
right or wrong will be known once it is inserted into the sentence .
Skill
1: Make sure that sentence has a subject and a Verb .
A sentence in English
MUST have at least a subject and a verb (Verb). It most often appears on the
TOEFL test part structure / grammar of the issue of subject and verb: It could
be in a verb phrase may be eliminated or subject, or perhaps to both, or just have
a subject and verb excess.
Ex:
________ was backed up
for miles on the freeway.
a) Yesterday
b) In the morning
c) Traffic
d) Cars
Skill
2: Consider the objects of prepositions
Object (what comes after)
preposition MUST noun or pronoun). An example of the preposition that in, at,
of, to, by, on, behind, and others. Please refer to the dictionary to determine
the form of the preposition.
example:
After his exams Tom
will take a trip by boat.
In the sentence above,
there are two preposition: after and by. The word exam (noun) is the object of
the preposition after, and the boat is an object of the preposition by.
The object of the
preposition can create confusion on the part of the TOEFL test structure /
grammar. REMEMBER! The object of the preposition is not the subject of the
sentence.
Ex :
With his friends _____
found the movie theater.
a) has
b) he
c) later
d) when
Skill
3: Note the use and position Appositive
Appositive can be a
rapscallion in knowing the subject in a sentence structure in the TOEFL test
section. Appositive is a noun that comes after other nouns that have the same
meaning.
Sally,
the best student in the class, got an A on the exam.
In the above example
Sally is the subject of the sentence and the best student in the class can be
recognized easily as appositive because there is a comma separated. The best
student in the class it is also Sally, so to both the same.
Ex :
_____, George, is
attending the lecture.
a) Right now
b) Happily
c) Because of the time
d) My friend
Skill
4 : Note the use and position of the Present Participle
Present participle is
verb + ing : talking , playing , watching, etc. . Present participle form of
the problem can be Spieler Structure TOEFL test . Present participle can only
be an adjective ( adjective ) which generally describes the subject of like
Appositive ( see here on appositive ) or be part of keja word ( verb ) when
preceded by be ( am , is , are , was , were ) .
The man is talking to
his friend .
The man talking to his
friend has a beard .
In the first sentence
talking present participle form of the verb part because preceded by Be ( is )
. While no. 2 talking present participle is an adjective ( describes the men 's
) and not as part of a verb because it is not preceded by some as the first
sentence . Verb of the sentence into two: has ( the man has a beard ) .
Sample sentences below
illustrates how the present participle can be a rapscallion in Structure TOEFL
test .
Ex:
The child _____ playing
in the yard is my son.
a) now
b) is
c) he
d) was
Skill
5 : Note the use and position of Past Participle
Usage and Past
Participle position similar to the present participle that has been discussed
yesterday. The difference is Past Participle form of passive voice .
Past participle is Verb
III : purchased , written , taught , etc. . Present participle form of the
problem can be Spieler Structure TOEFL test . Past participle can only be an
adjective ( adjective ) which generally describes the subject of like
Appositive or be part of verb when
preceded by be ( am , is , are , was , were ) and have ( have , has , had)
·
The family has purchased a television .
·
The poem was written by Paul .
In the first sentence
of the form of the past participle ' purchased ' are part of the verb because
preceded by have ( has ) . While no. 2 past participle ' written ' is also a
part of the verb because preceded by some ( was ) .
·
The television was purchased yesterday
expensive .
·
The poem written by Paul Appeared in the
magazine .
The second form of the
past participle above ( purchased and written ) is not followed by some or even
have it to both an adjective that describes the shape of each subject of the
sentence (television and poem ) .
Sample sentences below
illustrates how the past participle can be a rapscallion in Structure TOEFL
test .
Ex :
The packages _____
mailed at the post office will arrive Monday.
a) have
b) were
c) them
d) just
Skill
6 : Use a coordinate conjunction with correct connector
Many words in English
have more than one clause :
·
I am learning .
·
Mom is cooking , and dad is working in
the garden .
·
The girl who is looking at me is my
neighbor .
The first sentence has
only one clause while the last two sentences have two clauses of the first '
mom is cooking ' and ' dad is working in the garden . ' The second ' the girl
is my neighbor ' and ' who is looking at me . ' From the above examples we can
conclude that the clause was part of the sentence or the sentence itself that
has a subject and a verb . It is generally understood that the clause is a
group of words that contains a subject and a verb .
In this skill will be
learned about the forms of coordinate conjunctions connector and its use in the
sentence . Coordinate connector is used to connect between one another clause
by clause . Common coordinate connector examples are: and , but , or , so , yet
. Note the use of commas before.
·
Tom is singing , and Paul is dancing .
·
Tom is tall , but Paul is short .
·
Tom must write the letter , or Paul will
do it .
·
Tom told a joke , so Paul laughed .
·
Tom is tired , yet he is not going to
sleep .
The example below
illustrates how to coordinate the connector used as a matter of Structure TOEFL
test .
Ex:
A power failure
occured, _____ the lamps went out.
a) then
b) so
c) later
d) next
Skill
7: Use a Adverb Time Connector and Cause Connector correctly
Sentences using clauses
of clause adverb of time has 2 basic patterns:
·
I will sign the check before you live.
·
Before you live, I will sign the check.
Each of the examples
above, there are two clauses: you live and I will sign the check. The second
clause of the adverb time clause which (you live) because it is preceded by a
conjunctive adverb time connector (before). Note the use of the coma when the
time adverb connector located at the front of the sentence.
The example below
illustrates how the pattern is used as a matter of sentence in Structure TOEFL
test.
Ex:
_____ was late, I
missed the appointment.
a) I
b) Because
c) The train
d) Since he
Skill
8: Use the information that the Other Adverb Other Connectors with correct
OTHER ADVERB
CONNECTORS
|
|||
Condition(pengandaian)
|
Contrast (berlawanan)
|
Manner(cara)
|
Place
|
If (jika)
In case (if)
Provided (if)
Providing (if)
Unless (kecuali jika)
Whether
|
Although (walaupun)
Even though (although)
Though (although)
While (walaupun/sedangkan/tapi)
Whereas (while)
|
As
In that
|
Where
Wherever (di manapun)
|
Contoh:
Bob Went to school even though he felt sick.
Even though Bob felt sick, he went to school. |
|||
Note:
Note the use of the
coma when the connector at the beginning of the sentence.
Pay attention to the
subject (the word is blocked) and verbs (words that are blocked and underlined)
in each clause
Except: While or whereas always use comma (,)
·
The Smith family arrived at 2:00, while the Jones family arrived an hour
later.
·
Mary is rich, while John is poor.
·
While
John
is poor, Mary is rich.
·
Whereas
John is poor, Mary is rich.
The example below
illustrates how the pattern is used as a matter of sentence in Structure TOEFL
test.
Ex :
You will get a good
grade on the exam provided _____.
a) studying
b) study
c) to study
d) you study
Skill
9: Use Noun Clause Connectors with correct.
NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS
|
|||
what, when, where, why, how
|
whatever, whenever
|
||
whether (apakah), if (apakah)
|
that (bahwa / sering tidak diartikan)
|
||
example :
I know what you did
I: Subject
V : Verb
What : Noun Connector
You: Subjects
Did ( work ) : Verb
Example above we can
know that the Noun Clause ( what you did ) serves as the object of the
sentence.
example :
What you did was wrong
What : noun connector
you : the subject
did : verb
was : verb
Example above we can
know that the Noun Clause ( what you did ) serves as the subject of the
sentence.
Noun clause is a form
of clause that functions as a noun which means it can occupy the position of
the noun is : as the subject or object of a verb or preposition objects.
1.
I know when he will arrive . ( noun
clause as the object of the verb )
2.
I am concerned about when he will arrive
. ( noun clause as the object of a preposition )
3.
When he will arrive is not important . (
noun clause as subject of the sentence )
In the example the
first sentence , there are two clauses , and I know he will arrive . The two
clauses are connected by connectors when . When changing the clause he will
arrive into a noun clause that functions as the object of the verb know .
In the second example ,
the second clause and I know he will arrive connected by connectors (
conjunctions ) when . When changing the clause he will arrive into a noun
clause that functions as the object of the preposition about .
In the third example is
more difficult . In the example sentence , there are two clauses , but rather
difficult to recognize. He will arrive is the subject of sentences .
Note :
When he will arrive is
not important .
When he will arrive (
subject )
When : connector
he: subjects
will arrive : the verb
of the clause he will arrive
is : verb of the
sentence
The example below
illustrates how the pattern is used as a matter of sentence in Structure TOEFL
test .
Ex :
_______ was late cused
many problems.
a) That he
b) The driver
c) There
d) Because
Skill
10: Use noun clause connectors that functions as well as the subject (Noun
Clause Connectors / Subjects) with correct.
NOUN CLAUSE
CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS
|
|||
Who what which
Whoever whatever whichever
|
|||
· S V Noun connector/subject V
I know what happened
Example above we can
know that the 'what' not only serves as a connector, but also at the same time
the subject of the noun clause 'what happened.'
· Noun connector/subject V V
What happened was great
Example above we can
know that the 'what' not only serves as a connector, but also at the same time
the subject of the noun clause 'what happened.' And 'what happened' function is
the subject of the sentence What happened was great.
In this skill 10 we would
learn that the noun clause connector not only serves as a connector but can
also simultaneously be the subject of a noun clause .
1.
I do not know what is in the box
.
2.
We are concerned about
who
will do the work .
3.
Whoever is coming
to the party must bring a
gift .
In the example the
first sentence , there are two clauses ,
I do not know and what is in the box . The two clauses are
connected by a connector ( conjunctive ) what
. Please note in this sentence connectors ' what' has two roles : as the
subject of the verb ' is ' as well as a connector that connects to the second
clause .
In the second example ,
there are two clauses . In the first clause , we are on the subject are .
In clause 2, who was the subject of a
will do . Who also serves as a connector that connects between the two
clauses . Noun clause who will do the
work serves as the object of the preposition about .
In the third example ,
also there are two clauses : the subject of whoever
is coming . Whoever is coming to the party is the subject of a must bring . Connector word ' whoever '
serves as the subject of the verb is
coming as well as a connector that connects to the two clauses .
Ex:
____ was on television
made me angry
a.It
b.The story
c.What
d.When
Skill
11: Use Adjective clause connectors that functions as well as the subject
(Adjective Clause Connector) with correct .
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
CONNECTORS
|
|||
whom
(for people)
|
which
(for things) |
that
(for people or things) |
|
S V
adjective connector
S V
I liked the
book
which
you recommmend.
S
adjective connector
S V
The
book
which
you
recommended
was interesting.
|
|||
Note:
Adjective connectors
can be removed (omitted). This omission is very common in speaking but not as
common in English as well as in formal Structure TOEFL test.
Adjective clause is a
clause that functions as an adjective ( adjective ) is ' describes the noun (
noun ) . ' It's just not exactly the same position . If the adjective (
adjective ) normally before the noun described , while the adjective after the
noun clause was his .
·
The woman
is filling the glass that she
put on the table .
·
The glass
that she put on the table contains milk .
In the example the
first sentence , there are two clauses : , woman is the subject of the verb is filling , and she is the subject of the verb 'put
' . That is a adjective clause connector which connects to the two
clauses above , and the adjective clause 'that she put on the table ' to
explain / describe the noun glass .
In the second example ,
also contained two clauses . The word ' glass' is the subject of the verb '
contains ' and she is the subject of the verb 'put . ' That is a adjective
clause connector. Adjective clause 'that she put on the table ' describes the
noun ' glass . '
The example below
illustrates how the pattern is used as a matter of sentence in Structure TOEFL
test .
Ex:
The gift ______
selected for the bride was rather expensive.
a.because
b.was
c.since
d.which we
sumber :
